During the month of Kartik in the Bikram Sambat calendar Essay Example for Free

During the month of Kartik in the Bikram Sambat calendar Essay During the month of Kartik in the Bikram Sambat calendar (late September and early October), the Nepalese people indulge in the biggest festival of the year, Dashain. Dashain is the longest and the most auspicious festival in the Nepalese annual calendar, celebrated by Nepalese of all caste and creed throughout the country. The fifteen days of celebration occurs during the bright lunar fortnight ending on the day of the full moon. Thorough out the kingdom of Nepal the goddess Durga in all her manifestations are worshiped with innumerable pujas, abundant offerings and thousands of animal sacrifices for the ritual holy bathing, thus drenching the goddess for days in blood. Dashain commemorates a great victory of the gods over the wicked demons. One of the victory stories told is the Ramayan, where the lord Ram after a big struggle slaughtered Ravana, the fiendish king of demons. It is said that lord Ram was successful in the battle only when goddess Durga was evoked. The main celebration glorifies the triumph of good over evil and is symbolized by goddess Durga slaying the terrible demon Mahisasur, who terrorised the earth in the guise of a brutal water buffalo. The first nine days signify the nine days of ferrous battle between goddess Durga and the demon Mahisasur. The tenth day is the day when Mahisasur was slain and the last five days symbolise the celebration of the victory with the blessing of the goddess. Dashain is celebrated with great rejoice, and goddess Durga is worshiped throughout the kingdom as the divine mother goddess. In preparation for Dashain every home is cleansed and beautifully decorated, painted as an invitation to the mother goddess, so that she may visit and bless the house with good fortune. During this time the reunion of distant and nearby relatives occur in every household. The market is filled with shoppers seeking new clothing, gifts, luxuries and enormous supplies of temple offering for the gods, as well as foodstuffs for the family feasting. Thousands of sheep, goats, ducks, chicken and water buffalo are prepared for the great slaughter. All types of organisations are closed for ten to fifteen days. Labourers are almost impossible to find; from the poor to the rich, all enjoy the festive mood. Anywhere you go the aroma of Vijaya Dashami is found. The first nine days of Dashain are called nawa ratri when tantric rites are conducted. In Nepal the life force is embodied in the divine energy and power of the female, depicted as goddess Durga in her many forms. All goddess who emanated from goddess Durga are known as devis, each with different aspects and powers. In most mother goddess temples the deity is represented simply as a sacred Kalash, carved water jug or multiple handed goddess holding murderous weapons. During these nine days people pay their homage to the goddess. If she is properly worshiped and pleased good fortunes are on the way and if angered through neglect then misfortunes are around the corner. Mother goddess is the source of life and everything. The first day of Dashain is called Ghatasthapana, which literally means pot establishing. On this day the kalash, (holy water vessel) symbolising goddess Durga often with her image embossed on the side is placed in the prayer room. The kalash is filled with holy water and covered with cowdung on to which seeds are sown. A small rectangular sand block is made and the kalash is put in the centre. The surrounding bed of sand is also seeded with grains. The ghatasthapana ritual is performed at a certain auspicious moment determined by the astrologers. At that particular moment the priest intones a welcome, requesting goddess Durga to bless the vessel with her presence. The room where the kalash is established is called Dashain Ghar. Generally women are not allowed to enter the room where Dashain puja is being carried out. A priest or a household man worships the kalash everyday once in the morning and then in the evening. The kalash and the sand are sprinkled with holy water everyday and it is shielded from direct sunlight. By the tenth day, the seed will have grown to five or six inches long yellow grass. The sacred yellow grass is called Jamara. It is bestowed by the elders atop the heads of those younger to them during the last five days when tika is put on. The jamara is taken as a token of Goddess Durga as well as the elders blessing. As days passes by regular rituals are observed till the seventh day. The seventh day is called Fulpati. On this day the jamara to be used by the royal household is brought from their ancestral royal house in Gorkha about a hundred and sixty nine kilometres away over the hills north west of the valley of Kathmandu. A parade is held in the Hanuman Dhoka Royal Palace. The fulpati, i. e. the procession bearing the jamara and other items necessary for the tika, is brought from Gorkha after a three day walk and most of the government officials are eagerly waiting for the fulpati parade to arrive at Rani Phokari in the afternoon. Rani Phokari area is filled with hundreds of government officials meticulously attired in the traditional formal dress. In fulpati, the royal kalash filled with holy water, banana stalks, jamara and sugar cane tied with red cloth is carried by Brahmans from the ancestral royal house on a decorated palanquin under a gold tipped and embroidered umbrella, led by the military platoon of the royal priest. The government officials also join the fulpati parade. Whilst the fulpati parade is heading towards the old royal palace, His Majesty the King observes the ceremonies taking place in Tundikhel, the army parade ground in the center of the city. There a majestic display of the Royal Nepalese Army is held. Guns are fired and the entire valley echoes with the resonance sound of it. The firing continues for ten to fifteen minutes to honour the fulpati. By the time the function ends the royal fulpati is already taken inside the Dashain ghar in Hanuman Dhoka Palace. With this the Dashain feasting starts. The eighth day is called the Maha Asthami. The fervour of worship and sacrifice to Durga and Kali increases. On this day many orthodox Hindus will be fasting. Sacrifices are held in almost every house through out the day. The night of the eighth day is called Kal Ratri, the dark night. Hundreds of goats, sheep and buffaloes are sacrificed at the mother goddess temples. In the darkness of the night Durga temples, army barracks, and old palaces all over Nepal hold sacrifices for the mother goddess. The sacrifice continues till dawn. The old palace in Basantapur Hanuman Dhoka, is active throughout the night with worships in almost every courtyard. While the puja is being carried out great feasts are held in the homes of common people where large amount of meat are consumed. The ninth day is called Nawami. The Taleju temple at Hanuman Dhoka is opened for the public only once a year on this day. Thousands of people go and pay their respect to the goddess day. Temples of mother goddess are filled with people from dawn till dusk. On this day the official military sacrifices are held in the Kot courtyard at Hanuman Dhoka. The government allows foreigners to witness this function so hundreds of tourists and diplomats eagerly gather here. Animals mostly black buffaloes are slaughtered by hundreds to honour Durga the goddess of victory and might and to seek her blessing. Military bands play war tunes, guns boom and officers with beautifully decorated medals in full uniform stand there. When the function ends the courtyard is filled ankle deep with blood. On this very day the god Vishwas Karma, the God of creativity is also worshiped. All factories, vehicles, any machinery instruments and anything from which we make a living are worshiped. We also give sacrifices to all moving machinery like cars, aeroplanes, trucks etc. to get the blessing from goddess Durga for protection for vehicles and their occupants against accidents during the year. The entire day is colourful. The tenth day is the Dashami. On this day we take tika and jamara from our elders and receive their blessing. We visit our elders in their home and get tika from them while our younger ones come to our home to receive blessing from us. The importance of Dasain also lies in the fact that on this day family members from far off and distant relatives come for a visit as well as to receive tika from the head of the family. This function continues for four days. His Majesty also receives tika from the royal priests and then gives on tika to his loyal subjects. Thousands of loyal Nepalese people as well as foreigners also receive tika from His Majesty the King as this is said to be auspicious. After four days of rushing around and meeting your relatives Dashain ends on the full moon day, the fifteenth day. In the last day people stay at home and rest. The full moon day is also called Kojagrata meaning who is awake. The Hindu goddess of wealth Laxmi is worshipped. On this day the goddess Laxmi is given an invitation to visit each and everyone. After Dashain the nation settles back to normal. After receiving the blessing of goddess Durga, people are ready to work and acquire virtue, power and wealth. Dashain thus is not only the longest festival but also the most anticipated one among all the festivals of Nepal.

All Quiet On The Western Front :: essays research papers

All Quiet on the Western Front 1. In the movie “All Quiet on the Western Front';, the German soldiers were sent into the battlefield thinking that they were going to win. The inexperienced boys were persuaded in to fighting and dying for the victory of their country. This brought on a profound sense of disillusionment with the values of Western Civilization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the German soldier’s view they were looking to win the war and take over territory. Such as in Napoleon’s time, in which his values was to imperialize weaker countries. The Germans and Napoleon both possessed selfish movies instead of looking through the victim’s perspectives but rather looking to satisfy and protect their own desires and needs. This disillusioned the soldiers into fighting proudly for their homeland but never turning back to consider the possible downfalls in going into the western front. By the time the battle of the Somme ended, the German death toll in defense was 164,055, which was a disaster for the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Renaissance, European countries chose to break out of the Dark ages and reform and to modernize society. The values in reconstruction produced a sense of disillusionment with the actions that took place on the Western Front. The soldiers on the front were devastated during the first bombardment and all the mental and physical conditions of the soldiers deteriorated from that point on. The values of the Renaissance were the opposite of those that arose on the battlefield.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fantasy of solving their own national problems disabled Germans in viewing other countries war aims. Over confidence destroyed the troops. 2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the movie “All Quiet on the Western Front';, young inexperienced German soldiers eagerly enter World War I, but their enthusiasm “wears thin'; as they experience the horrors of the war. Slowly, they start to adapt to the cynicism of the veterans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The innocent boys started turning into men when they broke into pieces under the first bombardment in the trenches. The soldiers start to be beaten down, both emotionally and physically. They experienced near starvation, attacks by rats in the trenches, long stretches of boredom, seeing death of friends, and separation from family and friends. War makes a man inhuman. War change people. It makes people numb to violence in society and slowly adapt to cynicism. After 3 years of mental and physical battle, the troops, like the veterans, who have lived under these situations even longer, become misanthropic.

Unit 9 Nvq Level 3

Unit 9 1. 1 As a nursery nurse you need to contribute to a programme of age-appropriate activities designed to stimulate the children you are working with: †¢ Keep an accurate record of achievement file on your key children †¢ Be a pro-active team member, offering appropriate support to your colleagues †¢ Liaise with and support parents and other family members †¢ Attend ALL out of working hours activities, e. g. training, monthly staff meetings, parents’ evenings, summer fayre, Christmas party, etc. †¢ Be flexible within working practices of the Nursery.Be prepared to help where needed, including domestic jobs within the Nursery, e. g. preparation of snack meals, cleaning equipment etc. †¢ Work with the Manager and her team to ensure that the Nursery’s philosophy is reflected †¢ Record accidents in the accident book. Make sure that parents read and sign the report. †¢ Look at the Nursery as a ‘whole’, where your help is most needed and how you can most effectively meet the needs of the children in your care †¢ Make sure that every child is collected by someone known to the Nursery †¢ Respect the confidentiality of information received Develop your role within the team, especially your role as a key worker †¢ Specified Child Care Tasks: a. Prepare and complete activities that match the child’s stage of development b. Make sure that mealtimes are a time of pleasant social sharing c. Wash and change children as required d. Provide comfort and warmth to an unhappy or sick child †¢ Help to make sure that the environment meets the needs of Nursery children, reflecting their cultures and religious backgrounds, and stages of development †¢ Be aware of the high profile of the Nursery and to uphold its standards at all times. . 2 In my role I am expected to support the staff, to be reliable and build a good relationship with the children, encouraging them to the best of th eir ability in their learning, to assist their growth in knowledge and assist in enhancing their development, so they can grow holistically. To be aware of any weak areas that I come across whilst working with the children, for example a child that may need extra support within their numeracy, literacy or phonics time. I am also expected to deal, to the best of my ability, with challenging aggressive, rude or traumatised children.Whilst I may need to do this at times I am also aware that the class teacher is there for support. I have had to deal with bad language used by a pupil when dealing with the child I explained that the words used where not words that should be used. I found out why the pupil had said those words and asked what words we could use instead. As well as working with my own class teacher I can be asked at times to go and support another teacher in another class. I am expected to adapt very quickly to the other class and to the lesson there having.My role also mean s that I will support the children so they are confident in their journey though the school. It is important that I conduct myself in the correct manner within the school as children will often mirror others actions. I remain professional at all times and act appropriately. 2. 1 As part of our job role it is important to carry out reflective practice especially because we work with children/young people and our effectiveness will have an impact on them and their learning.Reflective practice means thinking about and evaluating what you do and discussing any changes which could be made. This means focusing on how we interact with colleagues, service users and the environment. It means thinking about how we could have done something differently, what we did well, what we could have done better. How we can improve what you have done. It also means reflecting our own values, beliefs and experiences which shape our thoughts and ideas.This will allow us to obtain a clearer picture of your own behaviour and a better understanding of our strengths and weaknesses- so that we can learn from our own mistakes and take appropriate future actions. Improving the quality of our performance: – Allows us an objective look at our practice in order to improve    – Helps us to recognise what we do well so that we can apply these skills in other situations    – Improves professional judgment – Helps us to learn from successes and mistakes to enhance development    –Helps us to plan for future situations and therefore respond more positively to change    – Enables us to apply the skill of reflection to the personal development cycle Reflective practice allows us to support the children better and better- if we have concerns about how the session went we can look back and work out what more we could have done. We may have used one resource and found it useful and then choose it again with another child. 2. 3 Everyone has different valu es, beliefs and preferences.What you believe in, what you see as important and what you see as acceptable or desirable is an essential part of who you are. The way in which you respond to people is linked to what you believe in, what you consider important and what interests you. You may find you react positively to people who share your values and less warmly to people who have different priorities. When you develop friendships, it is natural to spend time with people who share your interests and values. However, the professional relationships you develop with people you support are another matter.As a professional, you are required to provide the same quality of support for all, not just for those who share your views and beliefs. This may seem obvious, but knowing what you need to do and achieving it successfully is not the same thing. 3. 1 It is a nursery nurse’s duty to provide a safe, warm and caring environment where children feel welcomed and loved and are able to lea rn and develop at their own pace, with guidance and supervision as appropriate, in order that parent may have peace of mind to go to work knowing that their child’s well-being is paramount.The duties and responsibilities are: †¢ To listen to parents as experts on their own children, to respect families traditions and childcare practices and to follow parents’ wishes as closely as possible within the context of caring for children from several different families. †¢ To plan and provide activities and resources appropriate to each child’s age, stage of development and individual needs and interests with due regard the requirements of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). †¢ To provide a safe environment, both at the child minders property and on outings.To teach children safe practices and to hold a current first aid certificate. †¢ To maintain discipline and encourage positive behaviour. †¢ To be aware of the signs and symptoms which i ndicate the possibility of abuse and to be aware of the current procedure for reporting concerns. †¢ To provide a varied nutritional menu with due regard to the dietary requirements of each child, parents wishes and the current professional recommendations for children’s diets. †¢ To provide a healthy environment and to encourage children to make healthy choices. To liaise with and, where necessary, to seek advice from professionals, with due regard to confidentiality, including preschool leaders, school teachers, health visitor. †¢ To adhere to requirements set out by relevant authorities such as Ofsted, insurance providers, inland revenue. †¢ To comply with relevant legislation such as that covering health and safety, food hygiene, fire or planning requirements and to keep appropriate records with due regard to confidentiality. †¢ To meet the requirements of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS).A child minder should also love and nurture every ch ild so they grow confident and strong and develop into healthy and caring young people and adults. 4. 1 While at work it helps me when I have an appraisal meeting with the manager, this is because I can pick out the things I think I do best and the things I don’t do as good as I should be doing. This is also useful as the manager will have some points to speak to me about things so then I can use these to help me become a professional nursery practitioner. It’s also useful when I get supervised through new things e. when I first got key children I got so much help and supervision through this that it made me become stronger at work. 5. 1 The reasons why it is important to evaluate learning activities are: †¢ To see what is working and what needs removing or changing       †¢ To assess how the activities are being delivered and how they could be improved       †¢ To see how the activities are being received by the participants Evaluation is import ant as it helps out when planning and helps you to think about the learning that has taken place.Spending time going through the learning activities and seeing how students have responded to a certain task or question, can really help re-shape it for future classes. It is also important to look back at the learning objects so you can measure what the children have learned. If you do not think carefully about learning objectives at the planning stage, it will not always be possible to evaluate whether pupils have achieved them. Learning objectives need to be clear for this to be possible. †¢ Learners must understand what the outcomes mean. †¢ They must be achievable. †¢ We must be able to assess pupils against them.Evaluating helps you to see if something is succeeding or may need changing. If students whizzed through the activity and then looked rather bored then it would be obvious that the task was a bit too easy and not really suitable or beneficial for that group. Therefore you would need to try and make it more engaging and stimulating, perhaps by making it more difficult or time-consuming so the students really have to work to complete it. If the activities are taking longer than expected and you can see that the students are really struggling, things again would need to be addressed.

“A Truly Just City” Essay - 701 Words

In the book â€Å"The Republic,† by Plato, Socrates constructs a utopia of a pure aristocracy to channel his visions of what he constitutes to be a just city. Socrates’ ideal of justice, is of a virtue that can be developed out of reason and knowledge, and when tuned correctly can be the justified way of governing a city. Fundamentally, the rulers are driven by specific appetites and virtues, that develop a cycle of ruling between the stages of aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy and eventually a tyranny. This structural chain, is significant in demonstrating the center of Plato’s argument, this it is always better to be just than unjust. Socrates’ main backbone to this fictional city is the importance of education. In order†¦show more content†¦This was what he believed to be the crucial element that complicated a democratic society. Believing in appearances can be quite deceitful. A man could go on stage and say that he will do good for the people, but not be trained to know what is good for the people. â€Å"From intelligence springs a knowledge of moral truths and a correct vision of the function of political power as serving the interests of the governed (Dunkle).† Since everyones opinion and thought are considered equal in a democratic society, the rise of false appearances can easily take power. A democratic society is ruled by the poor majority, who in the end pick their leaders. On the other side, the minority or the rich, pick one to represent them. Sooner or later, a tyranny degenerates over a battle for the reigns of society. This is one of the examples in a corruptive cycle of society that Plato explores through Book VII. Tyranny would be the end-result of this cycle. The three different governmental states that contribute to a ruling party’s fortitude: soul elements, virtue and the people who hold the power. 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